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Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations ACSL4: Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 AEC2s: Alveolar epithelial Type2 cells AIFM2: Apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial 2 ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ANXA7: Annexin A7 AR: Androgen receptor BH4: Tetrahydrobiopterin BMP: BODIPY-modified polyamide CHMP5: Charged multivesicular body protein 5 CHMP6: Charged multivesicular body protein 6 CoQ10: Ubiquinone-10 CoQ10H2: Ubiquinol CRPC: Castration-resistant prostate cancer CTRP: Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal CTD: C-terminal domain CYP2J2: Cytochrome P450 2J2 DAMP: Damage-associated molecular patterns DHFR: Dihydrofolate reductase DHODH: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation ER: Estrogen receptor ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ETC: Electronic transport chain FSEN1: Ferroptosis sensitizer Ferroptosis sensitizer 1 FSP1: Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 GCH1: GTP cyclohydrolase-1 GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4 GSH: Glutathione HA: Hyaluronic acid HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma HMGB1: High mobility group box 1 ICD: Immunogenic cell death IPP: Isopentenyl pyrophosphate IR: Ionizing radiation LPCAT3: Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 LSCs: Lung cancer stem cells MDA: Malondialdehyde MOF: Metal-organic framework MK4: Menaquinone-4 PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDCD6IP: Programmed cell death 6-interacting protein PIE: Propofol injectable emulsion PLOOH: Phospholipid hydroperoxide PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA-CoA: Coenzyme A-activated polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA-PLs: Polyunsaturated fatty acids phospholipids Py-RSL: Pyridine RAS-selective lethal ligand QLD: QiLing Decoction RCD: Regulated cell death ROS: Reactive oxygen species RT: Radiotherapy RTA: RTA Radical-trapping antioxidant TME: Tumor microenvironment TSS: Transcriptional start site TSG101: Tumor susceptibility 101 VKH2: Vitamin K hydroquinone VK: Vitamin K VKORC1L1: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 like 1 4HNE : 4-Hydroxynonenal References Galluzzi L et al (2018) Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018

To addressing these limitations, researchers are exploring innovative approaches in tumor immunotherapy, with a focus on TME regulation, combination immunotherapy strategies, and the development of bispecific antibodies [9, 10]

doi: 10.1002/jnr.21650 164 WakadeCChongRBradleyEThomasBMorganJ