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During the -oxidation of palmitic acid (C16:0), through degradation of two carbon fragments, total ATP and net ATP generated is: Carbon-carbon cleavage 7 cleavage (shown by red lines) = 5 ATP per each cleavage (1 FADH + 1 NADH) Oxidation of acetyl CoA 8 acetyl CoA units entering the TCA cycle = 12 ATP per acetyl CoA unit Total ATP for 1 mole of palmitic acid (C16:0) = 35 ATP + 96 ATP = 131 ATP = 7 cleavage points (7 5 = 35 ATP) + 8 acetyl CoA units (8 12 = 96 ATP) Net ATP generated by 1 mole of palmitic acid (C16:0) = 35 + 96 2 = 129 ATP (Two ATP used for initial activation and are then subtracted from 131 ATP) Fatty acids produce higher levels of ATP than carbohydrates because they are less oxidised

Composition of L-Carnitine Per 1 vial: L-Carnitine (2000 mg), Vitamin B1 (1.1 mg), Fructose, Demineralized water, Acidulant: citric acid, Natural lemon flavour, Preservative Potassium sorbate

Wilk K et al

Comput Struct Biotechnol J