Change history 26 March 2024 A Correction to this paper has been published: Abbreviations AATs: Amino acid transporters AOA: Aminooxyacetic acid hemihydrochloride ASCT2: Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 ATB0, + : Amino acid transporter B0, + ATP: Adenosine triphosphate CPSI: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I CPSII: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II CRC: Colorectal cancer CTLs: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTPS: Cytidine triphosphate synthetase DMNPN: Dual-mechanism-based nutrient partitioning nanoregulator ER + : Estrogen receptor positive FADH2: Flavin adenine dinucleotide FGAR: Formylglycinamide ribonucleotide GLS: Glutaminase GLUD: Glutamate dehydrogenase GOT: Glutamate-oxaloacetate transamininase GPT: Glutamate pyruvate transaminase GSH: Glutathione HNSCC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma IFN: Interferons Ig: Immunoglobulin IL: Interleukin KG: Ketoglutarate LAT1: L-amino acid transporter 1 MDSCs: Myeloid-derived suppressive cells mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NF-KB: Nuclear factor-kappa B NK: Natural killer NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer OSC: Osmundacetone OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation PD-1: Programmed cell death- 1 PD-L1: Programmed cell death- ligand 1 PMIR: PD-L1-targeted metabolism and immune regulator PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAT: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase PPP: Pentose phosphate pathway PRA : Phosphoribosyl--amine PRPP: Phosphoribosyl--pyrophosphate RACK1: Receptor for activated C kinase 1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species RSK2: Ribosomal S6 kinase 2 SERCA: Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + -ATPase SNAT1: Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 TAMs: Tumor-associated macrophages TANs: Tumor-associated neutrophils TCA: Tricarboxylic acid TGF: Transforming growth factor TILs: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes TME: Tumor microenvironment TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer TNF: Tumour necrosis factor Tregs: Regulatory T cells UTP: Uridine triphosphate OSC: Osmundacetone References Stine ZE, Schug ZT, Salvino JM, Dang CV
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Carcinogenesis 28:193745, PMID: 17698970 Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Bellezzo JM, Britton RS, Bacon BR, Fox ES (1996) Thiol regulation of endotoxin-induced release of tumour necrosis factor alpha from isolated rat Kupffer cells
They can also cause side effects like dizziness, stomach upset, or feeling very tired, which makes some patients stop using them
